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Vulval vestibule
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The vulval vestibule (also known as the vulvar vestibule or vestibule of vagina) is the part of the between the . At the innermost part are the vaginal introitus and . The Bartholin's and Skene's glands each have two openings to the vestibule on the inside. The outer edge, marked by a coloration difference in the tissues, is called Hart's line, named after David Berry Hart.

The vestibule represents the end of the of the . Manual of Obstetrics. (3rd ed.). Elsevier. pp. 1–16. .


Structure
Structures opening in the vulval vestibule are the (), , Bartholin's glands, and Skene's glands.

The external urethral orifice is placed about 25–30 millimetres (1–1.2 in) BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. May 2005, Vol. 112, pp. 643–646. behind the and immediately in front of that of the vagina; it usually assumes the form of a short, cleft with slightly raised margins. Nearby are the openings of the Skene's ducts.

The vaginal orifice is a median slit below and behind the opening of the urethra; its size varies inversely with that of the .

To the left and right of the vulval vestibule are the . Anterior to it are the , frenulum clitoridis, and the clitoral glans. Posterior to it is the posterior commissure of the labia minora and the frenulum of labia minora.

The sides of the vestibule are visible as Hart's line on the inside of the inner lips; Hart's line is the outer edge of the area and marks the change from vulvar skin to the smoother transitional skin of the vulva.


Other animals
Except for (including humans) and some , the vestibule in most female (urogenital sinus) is a tubular and internal structure.
(2025). 9780323138048, Elsevier Science. .


Clinical significance
The prevalence of pain at the vulvar vestibule is relatively common. A study by the University of Michigan found that about 28% of women have experienced vulvar vestibular pain in the past, and about 8% had the pain in the last six months.

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